Interdisciplinarity draws its strength from the ontological view that reality may be explained from various different angles that permit interpretation of phenomena in a more complete way without becoming mere eclecticism.  From an epistemological point of view, interdisciplinarity attempts to unify the field of action of the disciplines that study social facts and phenomena.   It has no intention of achieving a priori integration of the paradigms of knowledge.   Rather, its efforts are aimed at the enrichment and rational exchanging of the methods of various disciplines, to some extent independently of the categories specific to each science, in order to improve study of reality.

Transdisciplinarity, for its part, simultaneously covers what lies between disciplines, cuts across various disciplines or goes beyond any discipline.  Its aim is to understand the present world, one essential feature of which is the unity of knowledge.  Transdisciplinary research is in no way antagonistic to multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research, but rather is complementary to it.

 As Basarab Nicolescu has pointed out, disciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity are four arrows for one and the same bow: the bow of knowledge.

 Our objective is to make the Eighth Isko Spain Congress a meeting devoted to reflection and applications in the area of transdisciplinary organization of knowledge.